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The Evolution Site The theory of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the central force in the field of modern biology. It ties together disciplines as diverse as genetics, microbiology, and palaeontology. The study of evolution may be controversial, and the misinformation that is generated can lead to confusion about its basic concepts. This website helps to explain the most important concepts. What is Evolution? The current conception of evolution focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen within populations over time. These changes are a result of natural selection, which increases the number of organisms who have beneficial traits that allow them to survive and reproduce in a particular environment. These organisms produce more offspring as a result of their positive characteristics. This leads to an alteration in genetics that could eventually lead to the development of new species. The term “evolution” is usually associated with “survival-of-the fittest” which means that those who are more adjusted to certain conditions will have a distinct advantage over those less well-adapted. This is only one of the many ways in which evolution can occur. Another way of using the term “evolution” is to suggest that a species are able to move from one stage to the next. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The scientific definition of evolution does not support this idea. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change is based on changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result of mutations which result in natural selection and genetic variation. Some scientists, including the great Charles Darwin, advocated this theory of evolution. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed that this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved. A concept must be able stand up to rigorous tests and evidence in order to be considered as a theory. The evidence of evolution has stood up to the test of time and has been supported by a myriad of studies across various scientific disciplines, ranging from biology to geology to chemistry to astronomy. In reality evolution is considered to be one of the foundations of science today and is backed by the majority of scientists around the world. Many people are misinformed about the nature of the evolution theory particularly how it is connected to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is an explanation in science of how living things change over time. It is based on a range of well-established observable facts: that more offspring are produced than can possibly survive and that individuals differ from one another in their physical characteristics (phenotype); that different traits confer varying rates of reproduction and survival and can be passed down to the next generation. These observations are backed up by an increasing body of evidence derived from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional geology and morphology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was conceived independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to explain how organisms adapt to their biological and physical environment. It is currently the most well-supported and most extensively tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions were confirmed by the fact that for instance, more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. In addition the more successful an organism is in surviving and reproducing in its ability to reproduce, the more likely it will be to pass its genes to future generations. Some people oppose evolution because they believe that it suggests that there is no purpose for life. Many scientists who are religious believers such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014) believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it. In reality, a large number of highly trained evolutionary biologists, including some who are renowned evangelical Christian leaders, have been involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers contributed to the understanding a vast array of phenomena, such as genomics and phylogenetics, and also the formation and function fossils. The term “theory”, which is often used incorrectly refers to scientific hypotheses that have been tested and refined over a period of time. Scientists test hypotheses by repeating the experiments or observations that led them to the conclusion. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out, as have the related theories of Copernican, atomic and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual shift over time in the proportion of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are better adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes, they are more prevalent within the population. This process is sometimes called “survival for the fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that cause genomic variation are the raw material for evolution. These mutations could occur randomly or be influenced by the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner, the allele frequencies can vary from generation-to-generation. In contrast, when a mutation is beneficial it increases the frequency of the allele, which causes it to spread across the population. As time passes, these changes in allele frequencies could lead to the formation of new species. The new species will then grow and evolve into new forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The development of new species is typically caused by changes in the environment which make certain resources available or creates new environmental problems. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of food sources and the need to protect themselves from predators. In a broader context, evolution can be defined as any change in the characteristics of living organisms over time. The change could be subtle, such as the development of new colors or a dramatic change, such as the development of an organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree on the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also acknowledge that evolution is a process that occurs in time, typically over a period of millions of years. They differ on the importance of different factors that may speed up or slow down this process. For instance the role played by sexual selection, environmental pressures and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution has happened and that the evidence for this is overwhelming. What is the Evidence of Evolution? Throughout the years since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence that supports Darwin's theory of evolution. Some of this evidence comes from fossils, which show the changing characteristics of living organisms over time. Another evidence comes from similarities among living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. 에볼루션 바카라 체험 of evolution can be found in the evolutionary tree, which illustrates how different species are connected. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They have a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, such as the wings of a bat or bird. Evolution is also evident in the fact that various species adapt and evolve to similar environments. For example, arctic foxes and ptarmigans develop seasonal white pelts that blend in with snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolutionary process which suggests that the species share common ancestors. The vestiges of structures are another source of evidence. These are a part of an organism that may have served some purpose in the past. For example, the human appendix is an oblique reminder of an organ that was used to digest food. Natural selection is a process that causes the structures to shrink when they cease to be used. Scientists have also gathered evidence for evolution by observing and experimenting. The evidence for evolution is divided into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes, biogeographic distribution as well as comparative anatomy, fossil record, classification and genetics. Each of these categories offers compelling evidence for the evolution of life. While many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution it is an empirical fact. It is not a speculative theory, but rather a powerful collection that is based on years of observation. Scientists continue to collect and study new information to better understand the arc of the Earth's life regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will help scientists to better understand how we can avoid future global catastrophes and how to best utilize the resources on our planet. This information will also allow us to better meet the needs and desires of all the people living on our planet.